Modul #01 Belajar Pemrograman Framework Laravel Tahap Dasar: Pengenalan Framework CSS (Bootstrap)
- Purnama Anaking
- Technology
- August 23, 2023
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Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari:
Kali ini kita akan mulai mempelajari tentang salah satu framework CSS yaitu Bootstrap. Penerapan fitur bootstrap diberikan dan dikemas dalam bentuk studi kasus tertentu. Kegiatan ini dilakukan agar kita mampu membangun website sederhana dengan mendayagunakan fitur-fitur bootstrap yang ada.
Studi kasus yang diberikan adalah membuat atau meng-cloning website bootstrap menggunakan framework bootstrap. Hasil akhir yang diinginkan adalah sebuah tampilan website seperti di bawah ini atau anda dapat melihatnya pada url berikut https://bootstrap-clone.vercel.app/ .
1. Install dan Jalankan Visual Studio Code
Download Visual Studio Code pada link berikut: https://code.visualstudio.com/download
Jalankan Visual Studio Code.
2. Struktur Direktori
Buat struktur direktori project sesuai dengan gambar di bawah ini.
Aset gambar-gambar yang dibutuhkan dapat di-download di sini .
3. Struktur Dasar HTML dengan Bootstrap via CDN
Buka file index.html, kemudian terapkan kode struktur dasar HTML di bawah ini.
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Bootstrap Clone</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.6.0/font/bootstrap-icons.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/style.css" /> </head> <body> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
4. Navbar Section
Praktekkan kode HTML di bawah ini pada file index.html yang telah dibuat. Letakkan di dalam block tag
<body>.
<!-- Navbar --> <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg bg-purple" data-bs-theme="dark"> <!-- Container --> <div class="container py-2 px-4"> <!-- Navbar Brand --> <a href="#" class="navbar-brand mb-0 h1"> <img class="img-fluid" src="assets/images/logo-white.svg" alt="logo" style="width: 40px;" /> </a> <!-- Navbar Toggler --> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggler" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasNavbar" > <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <!-- Offcanvas --> <div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end bg-purple" id="offcanvasNavbar"> <!-- Offcanvas Header --> <div class="offcanvas-header pb-0 px-4"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title text-white" id="offcanvasNavbarLabel"> Bootstrap </h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close" ></button> </div> <!-- Offcanvas Body --> <div class="offcanvas-body pt-0 px-4"> <hr class="d-md-none text-white-50" /> <!-- Horizontal Line --> <!-- Top Menu --> <ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap"> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link active">Docs</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link">Examples</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link">Icons</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link">Themes</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link">Blog</a> </li> </ul> <hr class="d-md-none text-white-50" /> <!-- Horizontal Line --> <!-- Sosial Media --> <ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap ms-md-auto"> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link active"> <i class="bi-github"></i ><small class="ms-2 d-md-none">Github</small> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link active"> <i class="bi-twitter"></i ><small class="ms-2 d-md-none">Twitter</small> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="nav-link active"> <i class="bi-slack"></i ><small class="ms-2 d-md-none">Slack</small> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto"> <div class="vr d-none d-lg-flex h-100 mx-lg-2 text-white"></div> <hr class="d-lg-none my-2 text-white-50" /> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <!-- Dropdown --> <div class="dropdown" data-bs-theme="light"> <button type="button" class="btn nav-link text-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" > <span class="d-lg-none">Bootstrap</span> v5.3 </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end"> <li><h6 class="dropdown-header">v5 releases</h6></li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item active bg-purple" type="button" > <small>Latest (5.3.x) <i class="bi-check"></i></small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v5.2.3</small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v5.1.3</small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v5.0.2</small> </button> </li> <li><hr class="dropdown-divider" /></li> <li><h6 class="dropdown-header">Previous releases</h6></li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v4.6.x</small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v3.4.1</small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>v2.3.2</small> </button> </li> <li><hr class="dropdown-divider" /></li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small>All versions</small> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item col-12 col-lg-auto"> <div class="vr d-none d-lg-flex h-100 mx-lg-2 text-white"></div> <hr class="d-lg-none my-2 text-white-50" /> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <!-- Dropdown --> <div class="dropdown" data-bs-theme="light"> <button type="button" class="btn nav-link text-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" > <i class="bi-brightness-high-fill"></i ><span class="d-lg-none">Toggle theme</span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end"> <li> <button class="dropdown-item active bg-purple" type="button" > <small ><i class="bi-brightness-high-fill me-2"></i >Light</small > </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small><i class="bi-moon-stars-fill me-2"></i>Dark</small> </button> </li> <li> <button class="dropdown-item" type="button"> <small><i class="bi-circle-half me-2"></i>Auto</small> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav>
5. Main Section
Praktekkan kode HTML di bawah ini pada file index.html yang telah dibuat. Letakkan di dalam block tag
<body>.
<!-- Main --> <div class="bg-light mt-5" id="main"> <!-- Container --> <div class="container py-5 px-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 order-md-2"> <img class="img-fluid" src="assets/images/main.svg" alt="main logo" /> </div> <div class="col-md-7 order-md-1"> <h1 class="mt-4 display-3"> Build fast, responsive sites with Bootstrap </h1> <p class="fs-5 mt-3"> Quickly design and customize responsive mobile-first sites with Bootstrap, the world's most popular front-end open source toolkit, featuring Sass variables and mixins, responsive grid system, extensive prebuilt components, and powerful JavaScript plugins. </p> <div class="row"> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-md-row"> <button type="button" class="btn bg-purple text-white btn-lg mb-3 me-md-3 px-4 py-3" > Get Started </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark btn-lg mb-3 px-4 py-3" > Download </button> </div> </div> <div class="text-muted"> Currently <strong>v5.3.0-alpha2.</strong> · <a href="#">v4.6.x docs</a> · <a href="#">All releases</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
6. Bootstrap Icons Section
Praktekkan kode HTML di bawah ini pada file index.html yang telah dibuat. Letakkan di dalam block tag
<body>.
<!-- Bootstrap Icons --> <div id="bs-icons"> <!-- Container --> <div class="container py-5 px-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="mb-3"> <i class="bi bi-subtract fs-2 bg-warning py-2 px-3 rounded-3 text-white" ></i> </div> <h2 class="display-5 mb-3"> Personalize it with <br />Bootstrap Icons </h2> <p class="fs-5"> <a href="#">Bootstrap Icons</a> is an open source SVG icon library featuring over 1,800 glyphs, with more added every release. They're designed to work in any project, whether you use Bootstrap itself or not. Use them as SVGs or icon fonts--both options give you vector scaling and easy customization via CSS. </p> <a class="icon-link icon-link-hover lead fw-semibold mb-5" href="#"> Get Bootstrap Icons <i class="bi bi-arrow-right mb-2"></i> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <img class="img-fluid" src="assets/images/bs-icons.png" alt="Bootstrap Icons" /> </div> </div> </div> </div>
7. Bootstrap Themes Section
Praktekkan kode HTML di bawah ini pada file index.html yang telah dibuat. Letakkan di dalam block tag
<body>.
<!-- Bootstrap Official Themes --> <div id="bs-themes"> <!-- Container --> <div class="container py-5 px-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div class="mb-3 mt-5"> <i class="bi bi-droplet-fill fs-2 bg-info py-2 px-3 rounded-3 text-white" ></i> </div> <h2 class="display-5"> Make it yours with official Bootstrap Themes </h2> <p class="fs-5"> Take Bootstrap to the next level with premium themes from the <a href="#">official Bootstrap Themes marketplace</a>. Themes are built on Bootstrap as their own extended frameworks, rich with new components and plugins, documentation, and powerful build tools. </p> <a class="icon-link icon-link-hover lead fw-semibold mb-5" href="#"> Browse Bootstrap Themes <i class="bi bi-arrow-right mb-2"></i> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <img class="img-fluid" src="assets/images/bs-themes.png" alt="Bootstrap Themes" /> </div> </div> </div> </div>
8. Footer Section
Praktekkan kode HTML di bawah ini pada file index.html yang telah dibuat. Letakkan di dalam block tag
<body>.
<!-- Footer --> <div id="footer" class="bg-light py-5"> <!-- Container --> <div class="container py-5 px-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="#" class="logo text-decoration-none"> <div class="d-flex"> <img class="img-fluid" src="assets/images/logo-black.svg" alt="Bootstrap Logo" style="width: 40px;" /> <div class="fs-5 ms-2 text-black">Bootstrap</div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-2 text-muted"> <small >Designed and built with all the love in the world by the <a href="#" class="text-black">Bootstrap team</a> with the help of <a href="#" class="text-black">our contributors</a>.</small > </div> <div class="mt-2 text-muted"> <small >Code licensed <a href="#" class="text-black">MIT</a>, docs <a href="#" class="text-black">CC BY 3.0</a>.</small > </div> <div class="mt-2 text-muted"> <small>Currently v5.3.0-alpha2.</small> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-2 offset-lg-1 mb-5"> <h5>Links</h5> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Docs</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Examples</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Icons</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Themes</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Blog</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Swag Store</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-2 mb-5"> <h5>Guides</h5> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Getting started</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Starter template</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Webpack</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Parcel</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-2 mb-5"> <h5>Projects</h5> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Bootstrap 5</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Bootstrap 4</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Icons</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">RFS</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">npm starter</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-2 mb-5"> <h5>Community</h5> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Issues</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Discussions</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Corporate sponsors</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Open Collective</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Slack</a></li> <li class="mb-2"><a href="#">Stack overflow</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>
9. File CSS
Praktekkan kode CSS di bawah ini pada file style.css yang telah dibuat.
.bg-purple { background-color: #7533f9 !important; } #main a { color: gray; } #main a:hover { color: rgb(73, 73, 73); } #footer a { text-decoration: none; color: black; } #footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: var(--bs-primary) !important; }Semua fungsi class-class Bootstrap yang digunakan pada kode program dapat kita rujuk pada Website Resmi Bootstrap . Semoga bisa dipraktikkan dengan baik dan dikulik tentunya agar bisa semakin paham. Terima kasih.
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